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Before setting off, you must imagine as much as possible the various situations that you will face in the wild in order to prepare the corresponding skills and equipment. Camping needs to determine the equipment you need according to your camping place, season, and number of people. The most basic needs are tents and moisture-proof mats. If you are close to home, you can use the quilt at home, if you are far away, you need a sleeping bag. If it’s the weather

Cooler requires air cushion or air bed. If you try to drive, the more camping equipment, the better. If you are hiking, you also need to prepare a hiking bag with a good system. When camping outdoors, you need to pay attention to the weather, and outdoor sports are the most important

The thing is to pay attention to safety.

What should I pay attention to when camping?

1. Direction problem

Collect maps and related materials of the activity area as much as possible before traveling, and make a preliminary understanding of the major turning and obvious signs that will appear. When there is a contour map, the predetermined route and direction can be analyzed, such as: several mountain ridges to be crossed, several piers to pass, and approximate elevation and descent conditions. This helps to determine the direction on the go.

Second, the waterproof problem

In the rainy season or rainy areas, especially for long time crossings, the entire activity will encounter great troubles such as insufficient waterproof preparation. For example, there is no dry clothes to change, and the camera, battery, food and other items are damaged by moisture. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the climate of the activity area before traveling, and prepare accordingly.

3. Drinking water problem

When crossing short distances, if it is known that it is difficult to replenish water, you should bring enough drinking water, about 2 liters per person per day (if FB meals are not required). For long-distance crossings, water can be taken from waterfalls, rivers, lakes and ponds on the way, but the pollution must be observed

Conditions, such as: unmanned animal activity near the water, presence of animal carcasses, presence or absence of feces and other pollutants. When there is a lot of sand in the water, let the water settle for more than 10 minutes. In areas where there are many locusts, use an open or transparent container when fetching water.

In order to find out whether there are locusts in the water in time.

Fourth, the fire problem

When traveling, you must carry more than one fire source, such as lighters (multiple types), matches, scythes, etc. If possible, it is best to bring camping stoves, gas tanks or fuel tanks. When lighting a fire in the camp, pay attention to whether the camp is forbidden

District, otherwise don’t violate the rules except for survival. Before starting a fire, prepare some dry fine wood (slightly thinner than chopsticks), put it on the bottom of the stove piled with stones, and then put thick wood on top, light the fine wood and blow hard with your mouth to burn the fire.

Blow to burn. When it rains or the firewood is wet, you can split the thick wood and take the dry wood from the middle, and then use it as a match light after cutting it thinly (a chopper or other tools are required at this time).

Five, the camping problem

Find a safe, sheltered, dry, and level place to camp. At this time, pay attention to the surrounding environment, such as: whether there are falling rocks, what is the wind direction, whether there are animal nests, honeycombs, etc. Try not to camp on the riverside, unless it is determined that it is a dry season and the water level is not

Will change. The camp should not be close to the water, as there are more mosquitoes.

Six, wild creatures

When traveling, prepare medicines such as cooling oil, wind oil essence, safflower oil and so on. Leggings can effectively prevent locusts, snakes and other creatures from attacking the legs. Snake medicine can be prepared in places where venomous snakes are infested.

Seven, nutritional supplement

In a long-time field crossing, physical exertion is high, sweating is excessive, and the human body is prone to salt deficiency, electrolyte imbalance, and nutritional insufficiency. This will seriously affect physical strength and health, and sometimes even be very dangerous. Therefore, it must be supplemented in time.

8. Keep warm

In many areas (such as deserts and mountainous areas), there is a large temperature difference between day and night, and some have a large increase in altitude and there will be a large temperature difference within a few hours (the temperature will drop when the altitude rises, -6 degrees / vertical 1000M). Keeping warm is necessary, especially after sweating a lot and before going to bed.

9. Other related issues
10. Climbing and descent Unless absolutely necessary, it is better to go around and take more roads than to try dangerous climbing and descent, especially when crossing alone and carrying a heavy load. If you have to climb, you should first remove your backpack, climb empty, and then use auxiliary ropes or straps to lift the equipment.
11. Balance When passing through dangerous situations (such as single-plank bridges, wading, cliffs, etc.), you should remember to loosen the chest strap and waist belt of the backpack to ensure that it can be unloaded in time and lose the pawn and protect the car.
12. Except for special areas (such as deserts) on night roads, do not take the risk of taking night roads easily. Many lost roads occur when visibility is very low, and night roads can easily cause slips. When you have to walk at night, it is best to have headlights. The flashlight will occupy one hand, which is not conducive to balance protection.
13. When wading in the water, don’t wade through the water if you don’t know the depth and underwater conditions, you should try your best to find out. Those who carry beach shoes try not to wading barefoot, because they are easy to slip and puncture, and be careful of the rocks in the water. They are often very smooth and will stumble if you are not careful. In addition, the flow velocity of the water should be fully estimated before wading.
14. All remaining visible garbage should be taken away. For long-distance crossings, at least those non-degradable garbage should be brought on until there is a unified garbage dump. Therefore, garbage bags must be brought.

How to equip yourself determines the success or failure of camping activities to a large extent. The following items are indispensable. Here we need to remind those who participated in the camping activity for the first time: not one

A good destination and exciting action plan can turn into a good camping life. It is necessary to imagine as much as possible the various situations that will be faced in the wild, so as to prepare the corresponding skills and equipment to ensure the safety of wild life.

Achieve the desired effect. Due to the complex and changeable weather in the wild, especially the mountainous areas, the harsh conditions of wind and rain are sudden. If you use camping tools with low price and poor wind and rain resistance, you will be exposed and embarrassed.

Worse, and even cause danger. Therefore, how to equip yourself before departure determines the success of camping to a large extent.

1. Tent: It is better to choose a double-layer tent with stable structure, light weight, strong wind and rain resistance.
2. Sleeping bag: Down or goose down sleeping bag is light and has good warmth retention effect, but the premise is that it must be kept dry. When the environmental conditions are relatively humid, artificial vacuum cotton sleeping bag may be a better choice.
3. Backpack: The secret of the backpack’s weight is that it shares most of the weight on the hips. The structure of the backpack should conform to your body structure and have a strong and comfortable belt.
4. Fire appliances: lighters, matches, candles, magnifying glasses. Among them, the candle can be used as a light source and an excellent combustion-supporting agent.
5. Picnic utensils: kettles, multi-function picnic pots, sharp multi-function folding knives, tableware.
6. Special tools: compass, map, rope, folding spade, flashlight, needle and thread, hook and line, machete, camera.
7. Water and food: Meats, sugars, fats with high calories, don’t forget to bring salt.
8. Life-saving box: antidote, antiseptic, cold medicine, diarrhea medicine, Yunnan Baiyao, analgesic, gauze, tape, bandage.

How to find a suitable campsite?

For the pleasure and peace of camping, even if you are very tired, you must choose a camp site carefully.

1. Choose a place with good drainage and try to avoid places with traces of water flow or water accumulation.
2. Choose a place that can be sheltered from the wind. This should be judged by looking at the growth mode and terrain of the surrounding plants. If you find that the branches and leaves of trees are leaning to one side, or the terrain forms a ridge-like place, there must be strong wind blowing.
3. Try to choose a place that is flat, sunny, and close to water. Of course, we must also consider the factors of a good landscape.
4. Riverside campgrounds and valley campgrounds are very dangerous when encountering river waterfalls or mountain torrents, so choose a place with a relatively high terrain.
5. Try to avoid mountain cliffs or slopes where sand and soil erosion may occur, and avoid falling rocks or landslides.
6. When encountering a thunderstorm on the mountain, you should not set up camps where the rocks protrude, and avoid isolated tall trees.
7. The mountainside flat ground is easy to gather moisture, and the mouth of the mountain leading to the water source is often the only way for the beasts to drink water. Therefore, avoid these areas when choosing campsites.

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Guide leads the way

Forest parks usually have a large area, and there are often no obvious markers in the forest. Therefore, when you enter the forest, you must go together, and ask the guide to lead the way, and don’t go too deep into the forest. Pay attention to some natural landmarks on the roadside when crossing the forest, such as old trees, springs, rivers, and strange rocks. In case you get lost, don’t panic, you can follow these signs to slowly return to the past.

Campsite selection

The campsite should be located in a dry, flat place with a wide view, with access roads up and down, sheltered from wind and drainage, and convenient for water intake.

There are six taboos: not in the middle of the canyon, avoid mountain torrents; not near the water, avoid rising water; not under cliffs, avoid falling rocks; not in high convex places, avoid strong winds; not under independent trees, avoid Electric shock; do not in the grass or bushes, avoid snakes and insects.

Tent erection

The entrance of the tent should be leeward and away from the hillside with rolling stones; a drainage ditch should be dug directly below the edge of the roof (in the past, after the tent was set up, the ditch could be dug around. Now, we must stand in the position of protecting nature. Unless it is in a puddle, no trenches will be dug) to avoid flooding the tent when it rains;

The four corners of the tent should be held down with big rocks; air circulation should be maintained in the tent, and fire should be prevented when cooking in the tent; before going to bed, carefully check whether all flames have been extinguished and whether the tent is firmly fixed.

The tents should be set up in sequence: first set up a public tent. At the downwind of the camp, set up a cooking tent, build a stove, and boil a pot of water, and then build a warehouse tent for storing public equipment and their respective camping tents upwind. When the tents of the entire camp are set up, the boiling water has been boiled, and you can drink and start cooking immediately.

Toilet digging

Choose to be a little lower at the leeward of the camp and away from the river (at least 20 meters away). It is best to dig a rectangular pit with a width of about 30 cm, a length of about 50 cm, and a depth of about half a meter, and put some stones and cedar leaves in it (to eliminate odors). Wrap three sides with plastic sheeting or packing boxes, and fix them, and the opening side should be leeward. Prepare some sand, a shovel and a piece of cardboard. After going to the toilet, use some sand to bury the excrement and toilet paper, and use a board to cover the toilet to eliminate odor.

Set up a more obvious sign outside the toilet so that others can see if someone is using it from a distance. At the end of the camping, bury the pit with sand, mark it, and tell other people who participated in the field activities.

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Learning and mastering these skills at any time will help make outdoor activities safer and allow themselves to integrate into nature more confidently. In this issue, I will share with you some small ways to ask for help in the wild.

1. Do you know what the universal signal for help is?
   Take a few minutes before each outdoor activity and think about it: Are you ready to deal with unexpected emergencies and how to call for help? It is very important to know how to make an emergency call, such as 911, and also to know how to contact the local rescue team. Prepare distress ignition equipment, signal transmission equipment, distress whistle and other resources that can assist in self-distress. Participate in rescue courses, learn survival skills, and make various preparations.
2. Consider Your Signaling Position
   When sending a signal for help, the rescuer must try to be in a position that is easy to be found, so that the rescuer can see the signal for help. If fireworks for help are lit in dense forests, rescuers will not be able to find them. It should be that small fireworks will be submerged by the forest. It is a good choice to choose an open area that can be seen from the air, along a stream, on the top of a hill, on the beach or by the lake.
3. Signal Fires
   Fireworks can be used outdoors for different purposes, such as cooking and heating, and can also be used as an emergency signal. It is important to know the basic skills of lighting the distress fireworks in order to get rescue faster. Simply remember the number “3”. The firework signal for general rescue is three triangle bonfires; if there is not enough space to build a triangle, it can be three straight bonfires. Use a bright flame at night, and use some damp branches on the flame during the day to produce smoke. This will make it easier for rescuers in the air, water, and land to discover. At the same time, rescuers should try to be as close as possible to the source of rescue signals.
4. Signal Mirror & Whistle
   You must bring basic rescue equipment for field activities, such as a small whistle and a small mirror, which are convenient to carry with you. The use of mirrors or other objects that can produce reflected light sources, such as metal blades, metal belt buckles, sunglasses, lenses, and watches, can effectively attract the attention of rescuers in the air and on the mountain.
   In order to be able to quickly and skillfully use these light-reflecting objects when calling for help in the field, you can usually do some practice. Understand how the reflected light is formed and the direction of reflection, so that the reflected sunlight is directed in the direction that needs to be seen. Use the other hand as the light control to form the internationally recognized “3 short-3 long-3 short” SOS distress signal. Don’t forget to follow the movement of the sun to adjust your position and angle. Take some time to practice bounced light for help, you can save lives in an emergency!
   Most of the rescue was on land, and rescuers searched for missing rescuers in the grass and forest on foot. At this time, you can use the distress whistle, the method is: blow 3 times and then stop and then blow 3 times, continue this cycle. If there are search and rescue personnel nearby, the location of the rescuer can be gradually determined. Remember to stop after a few cycles and listen for a response from search and rescue personnel.
5. Hide and seek, with a ‘twist’
   Remember, call for help and search and rescue are like hiding games we play, but hiders want to be found as soon as possible. So be sure to bring the appropriate distress equipment, know how to use it, and how to respond to the search and rescuer’s signal.

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6. Pay attention to maintaining hygiene .

There is no doubt that keeping the body clean is equally important. But you may want to know how to maintain hygiene in less than ideal conditions. Put a bottle of hand sanitizer in your pocket and wash your hands before eating, drinking, or wiping your face with your hands. Dip a cotton ball with rubbing alcohol and wipe the insensitive parts of the body. Take a bird bath, using a sponge, a basin of water, and biodegradable soap one or two baths a day. Brush your teeth with purified water and toothpaste or baking soda, then you can use dental floss. During camping, your feet will be very dirty, so when you encounter a river, take off your shoes and soak your feet in the water for a few minutes. Don’t use colognes, perfumes, and scented lotions, because they will attract bugs.

When packing your luggage, wrap sanitary utensils, such as towels, toothbrushes, and soap separately in aluminum foil, so as not to wet the rest of the backpack.

7. Take extra precautions when camping with children or pets

Camping with kids or pets can take a lot of energy, but it can also be an enjoyable experience. As we have learned, the secret of a successful camping lies in advance planning. It determines whether the camping between you, your children and your furry friends will last to the end. Be sure to bring suitable clothes to protect your children. In summer and hot weather, you must have a sun hat, and if the temperature drops suddenly, you must have long-sleeved clothes for the children to wear. Then, like a fire drill, help your child learn how to prevent getting lost and what to do if he gets lost. Bring flashlights or glow sticks to each child, remind them of the camping rules several times a day, and remind them what to do to ensure safety. If you bring your dog on a camping trip, you can make a simple residence feel at home. But you need to consider whether you are ready and willing to control your pet when wild or domestic animals pass by. In addition, make sure that the pet is vaccinated and the permit is within the validity period. Of course, bring the dog’s leash so that he can be restrained at any time. Prepare a clean bowl for the dog to contain food and fresh and clean drinking water. In addition, it is necessary to properly clean up and dispose of the pet’s excretion.

8. Don’t leave traces (wildlife photography tent )

Because you are camping in an open place, you must keep the next camping tip in mind: this will help protect and maintain the natural environment, so that we and future generations can share the beauty of nature. Leaving no trace means that the camp should be cleaned up before leaving so that the ecological environment is not disturbed. Clean up thoroughly after meals and keep food away from the ground.

Although this may seem like common sense, you may not be able to do the above without leaving a trace. If you plan and prepare in advance to travel in a small group, make sure that your range of activities is at least 60 meters away from rivers and lakes. Follow pre-established routes and camps to travel and camp. Bury solid waste 15 to 20 cm below the surface. To take a bath or wash dishes, you must leave rivers and lakes 60 meters away. The used water should be filtered, put the filtered material into a suitable waste container, and then splash the water around. Don’t destroy the ruins and natural landscapes you find. The camp area should be as small as possible, use the built fire, and cook with the stove. Keep away from wild animals and plants, and don’t feed animals casually.

9. Wear suitable clothing

Even if you are not a fashionista, preparing a outfit for outdoor adventures is just as important as other skills. Wear loose and neat clothes. Of course, in colder months, you need to wear more clothes than warmer seasons-such as hats, gloves, jackets and thermal underwear. The secret is to take off several layers of clothing before you start to sweat so that you can keep your body dry. If sweat soaks the clothes, it will feel uncomfortable.

Then, choose shoes. You need to protect your feet when camping. Wear closed-toe shoes so that the lining can absorb more or less sweat. Hiking shoes are ideal. One way to prevent blisters during hiking is to put a layer of soap under the ankles and toes before setting off. Carry soap with you. If your feet are about to fray, you can put soap on those areas that might be problematic.

Be sure to bring a rain poncho in case it rains; the last thing you want to happen is to get soaked clothes. Wearing wet clothes can cause hypothermia.

10. Avoid bugs, bears and poisonous plants

This technique is about bugs, bears and poisonous plants. When you are setting up a tent or other residence, pay attention to the presence of wasp nests, other insects and bugs. If you often go to plants, it is best to wear a long-sleeved shirt and long pants. Spraying insect repellent can also protect against insects. Always check for lice bites.

You probably know that you should avoid poison ivy and know how to distinguish its three-leaf clusters. Be careful with poison ivy and poison sumac-more than those without three leaves. When you are near plants, shrubs and woods, wrap your clothes from head to toe to reduce the chance of rashes. It is best to bring calamine lotion and antihistamines or anti-allergic drugs with you to prevent encountering some irritating things.

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1. Find or build a residence before dark

The most important camping technique is: you must camp before dark. You need to decide the type of camp according to your own ideas, whether it is a tent, a camper, or a cabin. Some adventurers directly cover the sky and sleep in simple hammocks. If this is too hard for you, you can consider bringing a tent during your camping adventure. Although a tent is the most basic shelter in camping, it is also very comfortable if properly prepared. It is best to consult a salesperson in an outdoor sports store about a tent that best suits your needs. The suitability depends on the size, shape and weight of the tent. Remember: the bigger the tent does not mean the better-after all, you have to take it to the camp. Be sure to try the tent first at home to check if there is a problem, so that you will not encounter trouble when camping. Bring spare tent poles just in case the poles break down from time to time. Open the window or open two small openings at night to prevent the tent from getting too wet. Bring an old bathroom curtain (smaller than the area of the tent floor) so that if it rains, you can spread it on the floor to keep the floor dry.

2. Choose a sleeping bag according to time conditions

The most important technique related to sleeping bags is to choose a sleeping bag that fits the season. In the warmer months, you can choose a lightweight sleeping bag, but in winter, you need a sleeping bag that can withstand low temperatures. Choose a sleeping bag that can be used within a certain temperature range and keep you warm and comfortable. The rated temperature should be lower than the temperature in your camping plan to prevent cooling down. If you spend the night in a tent, choose a sleeping bag in the shape of a mummy. This sleeping bag can tightly wrap your feet, keep your body warm, and it is easy to carry. In terms of material, man-made fiber sleeping bags are easier to dry than down sleeping bags and will not cause allergies. But the goose down sleeping bag is easy to carry because of its light weight.

In order to improve the quality of your sleep using a sleeping bag, you can put a cushion under the sleeping bag so that you can sleep more comfortably. You don’t need to bring a pillow. You can use a durable plastic bag to replace the pillow under your head after inflating.

3. Bring only essential food

Camping skills that do not involve food and water are incomplete. No matter whether your camping trip is risky, such as hiking and kayaking, or just resting in a camper, watching DVDs, you need food. The rule of thumb is to bring only the food that is expected to be necessary for each meal. For example, if your team is small, bring two cups of instant oatmeal instead of a whole jar of oatmeal. Use airtight plastic bags to mix food. If you camp next to a camper or car, you can use a cooler to store perishable food such as meat so that it will not spoil.

Ensuring clean water is one of the most basic tips for camping. Unless you have access to clean drinking water yourself, or you know that there is a spring water that is safe to drink, it is best to take bottled drinking water with you. Or you can bring a small packet of iodine so that you can disinfect water taken from the wilderness or water that may not be clean. You can also filter the cleanest water you can find, or boil it for at least ten minutes. In addition, wrap the cup with a layer of aluminum foil so that the water can cool down as quickly as possible.

4. Avoid getting lost

Experienced camping enthusiasts know this technique, so be sure to keep it in mind: avoid getting lost. This is the main mistake that campers make, but as long as you always carry some simple tools, you can avoid getting too far away from the camp and getting lost. Compass, maps and GPS devices can all prevent loss. Of course, if you don’t know how to use these tools, they are of no use at all. Therefore, before starting your camping trip, please learn how to read maps, use compass and GPS (in addition, when you read the entire article, you can learn more camping skills so that your trip will not be unexpected. ).

5. Carry a life-saving backpack

When you are camping, nothing is more correct than the famous saying of the Boy Scouts to “be ready”. When you leave the camp for an adventure, bringing a life-saving backpack is an absolutely necessary skill. So what should be packed in this backpack? First of all, there should be medicines for water purification, a water purifier and a metal cup. Then, bring a life-saving knife, which you can use to hunt, protect yourself and signal for help. It is more useful than a regular blade and is worth buying from camping and outdoor stores.

The other thing that must be packed in a life-saving backpack is a waterproof match in an airtight container. Waterproof matches can be made with ordinary matches dipped in nail polish or paraffin wax. Plastic medicine bottles and 35mm film packaging boxes can be used to hold water-proof matches and are very convenient. A flashlight is also needed in the life-saving backpack, and some spare batteries are placed in a sealed container like waterproof matches. It is also a good choice to bring a flare gun and LED emitter.

In addition to bringing a life-saving backpack, you also need to bring a first aid kit with you. There should be bandages, wound cleaner, medical gloves and ice packs inside.

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Outdoor tableware is mainly chopsticks, spoons, pots and bowls. The main factors affecting the comfort of tableware and cookware are materials and design.
The most important pot in tableware is introduced below.
[Classification of pot]
Material: There are two main types of materials for outdoor tableware: plastic and metal
【plastic】
Plastic tableware is light and cheap, and it does not make a harsh sound when used with metal utensils. The disadvantage is that the heat resistance is not enough, it is not convenient to use during cooking, and the durability is not as good as metal tableware. Most plastic products contain BPA (BPA is a chemical substance added to plastics, which may harm your health if taken in excess). If you are particular about it, you can choose BPA-free plastic products.
[Metal] Stainless steel or cast iron tableware or cooking utensils have sufficient strength, are cheap and durable, but the disadvantage is that they are heavy. Aluminum tableware or cooking utensils are durable and lightweight, and aluminum oxide is better in all respects, but aluminum tableware is prone to make a harsh scratching sound when it comes in contact with metal. Aluminum has good thermal conductivity, so you should be careful not to get burned when using aluminum tableware. Titanium tableware or cooking utensils are the lightest, durable and highly corrosion-resistant, but the disadvantage is that they are too expensive.
[Design] A good design can make a tool more handy. Folding is a better design. Chopsticks, spoons, and water cups can all be folded.
[Washing of tableware]
China inevitably uses tableware for outdoor activities. Although some tableware can be improvised outdoors. But some pots and bowls will inevitably leave oil stains and food residues after you eat. At this time, the pot and bowl need to be cleaned. So, the question is, how to wash it when it is so oily? Out of the principle of lightweight and environmental protection, we may not carry detergent and soap. At this time, we should use our brains.

1. Use plant ash for cleaning
   This is the best and most convenient method, and it is very clean. The oil stains + plant ash + water on the pots and bowls are the effect of soap. In fact, ancient simple soaps were probably made like this. Plant ash is an alkaline substance, and when added with oil, it will undergo a chemical reaction, and after adding some leftovers, it becomes a simple soap. I remember this principle mentioned in high school chemistry.
   Let’s just wash it in the future. After eating, grab a handful of plant ash and add some water. In order to achieve better results, you can grab a handful of pine needles or other grasses (as long as they are not poisonous) and brush them back and forth several times. In addition, it is recommended that your plant ash should be very pure. Don’t be the kind of ashes that are burned by throwing plastic bags into the campfire. After all, there will be risks.
2. Use dirt for cleaning
   When there is no vegetation ash, it is also possible to dig some dirt on the shore for cleaning. For example, the fine sand + leaves on the river beach, the loess by the lake and so on. The washing method is similar, and it will be very clean by gently brushing it back and forth a few times. But this method has a drawback, that is, the sand tends to wear out the cooking utensils. Another problem is that it takes some time to accept this approach.
   3.Use a paper towel to wipe.
   Most people will take paper towels to the wild. You can wash them with water and use paper towels to wipe off the oil on the pot. This method will not wipe very cleanly, but it can ensure that there will not be too much oil stains on hiking bags or clothing after storing pots and tableware. If you don’t dislike it, it will be no problem to use it next time.
   In summary, it is most effective to use plant ash to clean oil stains. The other two methods can also be used occasionally. Survival in the wild still needs more practice to master and invent more wild survival skills.

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